Mongolia’s Security Environment
Mongolia is a landlocked country located between Russia and China, both of which have long played a major role in the security and stability of the region. In recent years, Mongolia has sought to navigate an increasingly complex security environment. The country has taken steps to strengthen its national security and develop its military capabilities in an effort to become more self-reliant and independent. As Mongolia continues to grapple with a range of security challenges, it has also sought to develop closer ties with major international partners like the United States and Japan.
Growing Security Challenges
Mongolia is facing a range of security challenges, from potential flashpoints in its immediate neighborhood to the impact of climate change. Over the past decade, Mongolia’s security environment has been increasingly impacted by regional tensions between Russia and China, as well as heightened activity in the Arctic. This includes growing military activity in the region, with both Russia and China investing heavily in their Arctic capabilities. Mongolia also faces a number of non-traditional security threats, including those posed by climate change. The country is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather, with recent droughts and floods impacting the country’s agricultural sector. In addition, Mongolia’s urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to air pollution, which has been linked to serious public health issues.
Developing Self-Reliance
In response to these security challenges, Mongolia has sought to strengthen its national security and develop its military capabilities. This includes the modernization and expansion of the Mongolian Armed Forces (MAF), with new investments in training, equipment and infrastructure. The MAF has also increased its focus on counter-terrorism and the protection of key infrastructure. At the same time, Mongolia has taken steps to enhance its self-reliance in security matters. This has included developing closer ties with major international partners, such as the United States and Japan, who have provided assistance in areas such as security sector reform and military training. The country has also sought to strengthen its relationship with regional militaries, including those of Russia and China.
Regional Cooperation
Mongolia has also sought to increase regional cooperation in security matters. This includes the establishment of the Central Asian Regional Security Initiative (CARSI) in 2019, which brings together Mongolia, China, Russia and other Central Asian countries in an effort to promote greater security cooperation in the region. The initiative includes the sharing of intelligence and the joint training of security forces. Mongolia has also sought to increase its engagement with international organizations in security matters. This includes joining the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in 2016, which provides an important platform for regional cooperation on security issues. The country has also worked closely with the United Nations and other international organizations in areas such as peacekeeping and counter-terrorism.
Conclusion
Mongolia is facing a range of security challenges, from traditional military threats to the impact of climate change. In response, the country has sought to strengthen its national security capabilities and increase its self-reliance in security matters. This has included the modernization of the Mongolian Armed Forces and the development of closer ties with major international partners. Mongolia has also sought to increase regional security cooperation and its engagement with international organizations. As Mongolia continues to grapple with a changing security environment, it is looking to strengthen its ability to protect its citizens and ensure its long-term stability.
